Bei Dao was the co-founding editor of Today (Jingtian), which, in 1978, was the first unofficial literary jounal to be published in China since 1949. Since 1987, Bei Dao has lived in Europe and the United States. His work has been translated into thirty languages, including six volumes of poetry in English – these include The Rose of Time, Unlock, Landscape Over Zero, Forms of Distance, Old Snow and The August Sleepwalker. In addition, he has seen published Waves, a collection of stories, and three collections of essays: City Gate, Open Up; Midnight's Gate; and Blue House. Among his numerous awards and honors, Bei Dao was named an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.